The origin of the hezhen nationality

Fishing and hunting nationality in north China the only remaining.Use nanai, belongs to the altaic tunguska language dialects.No words.In the early years cut wood, split leather, leather notebook.In the qing dynasty called part fee in Khartoum.The hezhen has several outside Russia, called that is in Russia (Russian: н а н а й ц ы) number more than 20000 people, about ur family, oro,'s cover, also is the hezhen, the whole northeast Asia the nuzhen population nearly 100000 people (1989).

The word "hezhen" has "downstream" or "Orient" meaning.The hezhen self-proclaimed "with Mr", "that's lie", "that is", namely the meaning of the locals, is also called the "true" (meaning: "people of the east"), "strange stare blankly" (meaning "the people who live in the river").After the founding of the People's Republic of China, unified group called "the hezhen nationality".

Hezhen nationality is the smallest population of ethnic minorities in China, mainly living in tongjiang county in heilongjiang province eight bifurcation, street, tianjin port, RaoHe county area along the river, there are a few mixed in birch two counties of sichuan, at some of the village, the chariot and jiamusi city.From different living area, not only there are differences between the dialects, and nationality, there is also different.Living in songhua river basin at county DaTun above the hezhen, claim to be "the bay", from DaTun to confusion between river coast often gain claims to "that is," often gain the following claims that a proud, ""."It is local, local meaning, "" see", "but", "a proud," are people mean.There are different between them.Living in eight bifurcation of the following areas, the philosopher, said living in frequently benefit above the hezhen area is "strange stare blankly";The people living in often gain more than region, said people who live in under eight bifurcation area is "Hector really" or "provided the color le".Downstream of the songhua river upstream to the west, to the east.People living in the downstream, refer to the upstream of artificial "Su Lile than bush GuRong", is the meaning of the west people, people living in upstream of downstream "ji le than GuRong", means the east people.The ancient inhabitants here, in the pre-qin called "lu su shen", "ji shen," self-consciousness "Yi lotus," he said of the northern and southern dynasties "don't," he said, sui and tang dynasties "shumo" he said."Shumo "is divided into seven, one of the biggest two: a call at the end of the millet, today in the songhua river basin;A called blackwater, now in the songhua river and the confluence of the heilongjiang province.In the early tang dynasty, and the department of idp rush, will "shumo" southwest

Hezhen traditional festival

Section 1., gong

Section, gong is hezhen people a new festival, was born in 1985.", gong "meant for entertainment or stylistic convention, held every two years, will normally be held between the lunar may and June, and lasted for three days.Festival of rich content, as well as various types of ethnic sports activities, and the most busy people at dinner events.

Hezhen nationality in 2.The Spring Festival

Hezhen hezhen nationality in the Spring Festival is the most happy holiday of the year New Year's eve.Spring Festival, hezhen nanai for ", "Buddha the forehead, the annual New Year's eve.People put on the flaps of a cap, collar, sleeves, trouser leg, aprons, shoes embroidered on the surface of the beautiful decorative pattern, geometric patterns and painting of flowers and the lace of animal such as clothing, etc.In the festival, generally the somebody else to do "spitting fire banquet", or by a wild fruit cake is made of thick plums, food such as fish, wild animals with meat at the same time.Treat guests, with a live fish, or a roast the fish, with this kind of "tara," hospitality.

Everyone is busy, do meal, cut grilles, paste lantern.The new moon, girl, women, and children's new clothes, wearing embroidered with cloud to friends and family home New Year.The hospitable hezhen people by "fish feast" entertain guests.Tread is hot and sour flavor "spin" (raw fish), taste sweet crisp "MAO" Fried fish and transparent bright red salmon roe, taste is very delicious.Respected folk poets (in accordance with the comparable) in the Spring Festival, using poetry to good wishes to you.Old people toast, to listen to his story,.The women are "touch blind paste", throw a bone.Teenagers obsessed with the target, fork grass skiing, skating, shooting the ball, etc.There is so charming.

3. The river is the Lantern Festival

"Lantern Festival" is the hezhen nationality folk traditional festival, every year the lunar July 15, from generation to generation of a living by fishing, the philosopher will put river lamp, the river god on this day, to pray, bless people safe, fishing harvest.As one of the main JiJu District hezhen RaoHe county, with the enthusiasm of the local government to encourage and support, and also established the hezhen nationality research, excavation and arrangement for the traditional culture, heritage and development laid a solid foundation.At the same time, the hezhen nationality song and dance, religion, traditional craftsmanship and the diet culture also had to expand.In RaoHe, before I put the lights of the river have witnessed the hezhen traditional ceremonies and rituals, especially the shamanism festival performances seem to be very mysterious, don't understand what the hezhen said these, but generally understand their blessing, in prayer!

Section 4. The deer god

Derived from the hoche deer god day early to tiger worship of god, the prey to harvest in the tiger god bless, FengJie gradually formed with the characteristics of the nationalities.Every September 9th, the hezhen nationality have a deer god day.In order to offering the tiger god, celebrate the hunting the best, congratulations to tribal prosperous.Because when the tiger to the village with the shaman dance deer god dance, so it is also called deer god festival.The day the whole village, point fire and wine to the meat, singing and dancing, deer god dance to worship god tiger.A section to deer god, in the village shaman will put on clothing, god on god drum, tread the village men, women and children are the "boom" drums, singing and dancing.

5. Jump LuShen section

Hezhen traditional religious worship festival.Every March 3, the hezhen gathered all the people together please shaman TiaoShen, beg for all the people of all the gods bless the safe of the year.The so-called LuShen, nanai called "uz bead", meaning "may god bless, people gain two prosperous".

The hezhen in March every year in under the shaman dance LuShen, exorcism ward off evil spirits, and to bless no peace in the village.Also called "jump peace god".Method the specific date, by choosing day shaman.

After the day of sacrifice, late in the morning, the shaman sacrifice to god, please god at home, the sa with spraying some water, several young staff for god, gods, with the shaman from the drums in the home, and singing and dancing.Shaman equilateral side of jumping and sometimes into the family, blessing TiaoShen, came to the young, who shall give shaman toast, or to cut the winter jasmine tree into silk shaman bubble water to drink, to honor the gods, and others on Thanksgiving.Very busy.

Shaman and so-called "god" back to the shaman's house, let person sends sacrifice, wine, etc.Shaman after unloading, sing and then tied on the waist bell, put this drums, singing and dancing, such as pork cooked, shaman and put on clothes, god bring god, continue to dance, finally they dispersed drinking carnivorous and pleasure.

Hezhen nationality customs and taboos

(1) fishing taboo banned fishing seasonA pregnant woman, menstrual period women and mourning to the fishing boat and fishing, "frustrating", otherwise can't catch the fish.If fishermen in mourning, to game fishing, must be in the network set up a fire on the beach, across from the fire, with smoked.Avoid ShuiGuaiHua during fishing, lies, otherwise offend gods, an empty net.

(2) religious taboo the clan in the primitive religion of "all things have the" concept, to the god, the god of the river god, trees and other natural worship, careful lest accidentally offend and disasters.Avoid killing fly the birds of the accommodation, letter to wu the soul of a single variable, with fly cast chamber is its soul to "reincarnation".If killing, the infertility of disaster.Cream with leather buried, think so is the dead undead cannot ascend to heaven, can no longer metempsychosis is beyond this, the family does not have many taboos and hunting vulcan cream, women's taboo, etc.

With many nations, hezhen nationality in production activities and life custom rules for many requires people must abide by the taboo.

At an early age, there are so few fish taboo: such as nettingA lot of fishCan't say: "the net how to salvage the so many fish?"Does not catch a fish no ShuiGuaiHua, swear;Eat fishEat the fish roe, don't say: "now eat much fish!"Fork live fish, are not allowed to use the knife cut open the swim bladder, otherwise will be less fork for next time.In addition widows are not allowed to be on the fishing boat and beaches to let down the nets, otherwise it is not lucky.

Hunting has taboo.When the hunter to a new hunting ground, head first, to bring the mountain god worship ye: you guys in a tree to hang a piece of red cloth, lighting, for some food on the ground, dip in with finger some wine into the air above a single shot, and then to kowtow to hurl ye, prayed to the god I bless hunters hunting which, by their prey.Their rules, the hunter after the mountains, no ShuiGuaiHua and lies.Meet the tree stake in trees are not allowed to sit, they think this is the god ye old head to sit, others are not allowed to sit.Winter hunting in the mountains, see the footprints of the other hunter is not allowed to trample, must go around the, otherwise it is not on the mountain, don't respect yourself, respect others, also hurt two hunting amiable, even cause the warfare.Two squads hunting met in the mountains, must please to their own drinkingHave a mealMistake a, otherwise you will look down on people or being looked down upon.In the tents of hunting after eating, in the campfire gathering.Hanging pot hung on wooden poles to smooth, no shaking.POTS are not allowed to knock out the sound.It is forbidden to turn over the pan or shovel pot with a knife can cut out hunting otherwise good luck.No women sit on the gun or across a shotgun, bullets and all kinds of fishing gear, even men are hunting clothing are not allowed to sit or randomly across.